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FlatGeobuf vs GeoPackage: delivery and SQL management
FlatGeobuf is a binary feature collection; GeoPackage is a SQLite database for geographic data.
Which format should you choose?
Consider FlatGeobuf for static layer delivery and partial reads, and GeoPackage for managing multiple layers and tiles together.
Good fit for FlatGeobuf
Distribute a static feature layer
- Read features within a bounding area in compatible tools
Good fit for GeoPackage
Distributing and using geospatial data in one file
- Combining vector features, raster tiles, and attributes for GIS or offline use
Basic information
| Field | FlatGeobuf | GeoPackage |
|---|---|---|
| Extension | .fgb | .gpkg |
| MIME type | application/geopackage+sqlite3 | |
| Common uses | Distribute a static feature layer | Distributing and using geospatial data in one file |
| How to open | Use compatible GIS to check layer, CRS, attribute types and index presence. Partial HTTP reads need Range support and suitable hosting. Keep buffer verification enabled for unknown data. | Open it in a GeoPackage-capable GIS such as QGIS and inspect its layers, coordinate reference systems, and extensions. SQLite tools may show its tables, but interpreting geometries and map tiles requires compatible software. |
| Export or convert | After conversion to GeoPackage, check counts, CRS, coordinates, Z/M and attribute types. Split multiple layers into separate .fgb files. GeoPackage tiles and extensions do not all map into a feature file. | You can export to GeoJSON, Shapefile, or MBTiles. The destination may not preserve every layer, attribute, coordinate reference system, or tile, so check feature counts, coordinates, attributes, and rendered maps after export. |
Choose by use case
Read features within a bounding area in compatible tools
Distribute a static feature layer
FlatGeobufCombining vector features, raster tiles, and attributes for GIS or offline use
Distributing and using geospatial data in one file
GeoPackageKey point 1
The FlatGeobuf spatial index is optional.
More on the differencesKey point 2
GeoPackage can hold features, tiles, attributes and prescribed metadata.
More on the differencesMore on the differences
Check update needs and receiver support. Measure performance with matched data, indexes, implementations and delivery conditions.
- FlatGeobuf does not target random writes. GeoPackage supports SQL updates, but GIS requirements and consistency must remain intact.
- When exporting GeoPackage to .fgb, split layers and check CRS, Z/M, NULL geometries and attribute types. Keep tiles and custom extensions separately.
Frequently asked questions
Does conversion preserve everything?
No. Check selected layers, geometry, attributes, CRS and implementation support, and retain originals. A format name cannot guarantee full preservation.