Data

FlatGeobuf: feature collections and optional spatial indexing

FlatGeobuf is a binary geographic feature format based on FlatBuffers. It contains a header, an optional spatial index and feature data. A .fgb file holds a single layer.

.fgbBinary feature collections

Basic information

Extension: .fgb

When to choose this format

Read features within a bounding area in compatible tools

When to avoid this format

A database for frequent SQL updates to individual records

Common uses

Distribute a static feature layer

Features

The header can describe attribute columns, geometry type and CRS

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages

A spatial index can support bounding-box searches when present

Disadvantages

The format is not designed for random writes

Open and convert

How to open

Use compatible GIS to check layer, CRS, attribute types and index presence. Partial HTTP reads need Range support and suitable hosting. Keep buffer verification enabled for unknown data.

How to convert

After conversion to GeoPackage, check counts, CRS, coordinates, Z/M and attribute types. Split multiple layers into separate .fgb files. GeoPackage tiles and extensions do not all map into a feature file.

Cautions

GDAL restricts NULL geometries in indexed output. Check settings and implementation version, and review location sharing scope. Binary encoding does not imply encryption or compression.

FAQ

Does every FlatGeobuf file have a spatial index?

No. The index is optional. Search efficiency depends on indexing, implementation, data and delivery conditions; test actual datasets.

Related formats

GeoPackageGeoPackage (.gpkg) is an SQLite database file that stores geospatial data under the OGC GeoPackage standard. It can hold vector features, raster map tiles at multiple zoom levels, and non-spatial attributes in one file, including for offline and mobile use. An SQLite file is not automatically a GeoPackage: it must follow the standard's schema and requirements.GeoJSONGeoJSON represents geographic features and geometry in JSON. Coordinates use longitude before latitude under the standard coordinate system.GMLGML is an OGC standard for expressing geographic geometry and properties in XML. Application schemas define domain-specific features.MVTMVT is a Protocol Buffers encoding for geographic vector tiles. Tiles contain named layers, features and attributes.